Architecture

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The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) follows a well-structured architecture that enables Java programs to be executed efficiently. It consists of various interconnected components, each responsible for handling different aspects of execution, memory management, and performance optimization.

Component	Description
ClassLoader	Loads Java bytecode into memory dynamically.
Method Area	Stores class metadata, constants, and static variables.
Heap	Stores all Java objects and instance variables.
Stack	Stores method execution frames and local variables.
PC Register	Stores the address of the next instruction.
Native Method Stack	Stores native method calls executed by JNI.
Interpreter	Reads and executes bytecode line-by-line.
JIT Compiler	Converts bytecode into optimized native machine code.
Garbage Collector	Reclaims unused memory automatically.
JNI (Java Native Interface)	Connects JVM with native code (C/C++).