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# SQL Clauses

## Description

SQL clauses are keywords that specify conditions or modify the behavior of SQL statements. They form the building blocks of SQL queries.

## Different Clauses

### **SELECT Clause**:

Specifies the columns to be retrieved.

**Example:**

```sql
SELECT name, salary FROM employees;
```

### **FROM Clause**:

Specifies the table(s) from which to retrieve the data.

**Example:**

```sql
SELECT name, salary FROM employees;
```

### **WHERE Clause**:

Filters the rows based on a specified condition.

**Example:**

```sql
SELECT name, salary FROM employees WHERE department_id = 10;
```

### **GROUP BY Clause**:

Groups rows that have the same values in specified columns into aggregated data.

**Example:**

```sql
SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id;
```

### **HAVING Clause**:

Filters groups based on a specified condition (used with `GROUP BY`).

**Example:**

```sql
SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id HAVING AVG(salary) > 50000;
```

### **ORDER BY Clause**:

Sorts the result set based on one or more columns.

**Example:**

```sql
SELECT name, salary FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC;
```

### **JOIN Clause**:

Combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

**Example:**

```sql
SELECT employees.name, departments.dept_name
FROM employees
JOIN departments ON employees.dept_id = departments.dept_id;
```

### **INSERT INTO Clause**:

Adds new rows to a table.

**Example:**

```sql
INSERT INTO employees (name, department_id, salary) VALUES ('John Doe', 10, 60000);
```

### **UPDATE Clause**:

Modifies existing rows in a table.

**Example:**

```sql
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + 5000 WHERE department_id = 10;
```

### **DELETE Clause**:

Removes rows from a table.

**Example:**

```sql
DELETE FROM employees WHERE department_id = 10;
```

### **LIMIT/OFFSET Clause**:

Specifies the number of rows to return or skip (supported in databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL).

**Example:**

```sql
SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20;
```

### **DISTINCT Clause**:

Removes duplicate rows from the result set.

**Example:**

```sql
SELECT DISTINCT department_id FROM employees;
```


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