> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/miscellaneous/mac.md).

# Mac

## About

Subpages are dedicated space for capturing practical knowledge, shortcuts, and technical tips related to using and working efficiently with macOS.

Whether we are a developer, power user, or new to the Mac ecosystem, this section aims to provide concise, easy-to-follow notes that improve day-to-day productivity and solve common technical challenges.

<figure><img src="/files/HVZHcrXsrCk0PhysXqHv" alt="" width="375"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

## **MacOS Versions and Architectures**

<table data-full-width="true"><thead><tr><th width="175.7603759765625">macOS Version</th><th width="149.58331298828125">Version Number</th><th width="135.439208984375">Release Year</th><th width="214.6041259765625">Supported Architectures</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>macOS Sonoma</strong></td><td>14.x</td><td>2023</td><td>Apple Silicon (ARM), Intel</td><td>Latest as of 2025</td></tr><tr><td><strong>macOS Ventura</strong></td><td>13.x</td><td>2022</td><td>Apple Silicon, Intel</td><td>Improved Continuity features</td></tr><tr><td><strong>macOS Monterey</strong></td><td>12.x</td><td>2021</td><td>Apple Silicon, Intel</td><td>First full Apple Silicon support</td></tr><tr><td><strong>macOS Big Sur</strong></td><td>11.x</td><td>2020</td><td>Apple Silicon, Intel</td><td>Major redesign; Apple Silicon debut</td></tr><tr><td><strong>macOS Catalina</strong></td><td>10.15</td><td>2019</td><td>Intel only</td><td>Dropped support for 32-bit apps</td></tr><tr><td><strong>macOS Mojave</strong></td><td>10.14</td><td>2018</td><td>Intel only</td><td>Last to support 32-bit apps</td></tr><tr><td><strong>macOS High Sierra</strong></td><td>10.13</td><td>2017</td><td>Intel only</td><td>Metal 2 and APFS improvements</td></tr><tr><td><strong>macOS Sierra</strong></td><td>10.12</td><td>2016</td><td>Intel only</td><td>Introduced Siri on Mac</td></tr><tr><td><strong>OS X El Capitan</strong></td><td>10.11</td><td>2015</td><td>Intel only</td><td>Focused on stability</td></tr><tr><td><strong>OS X Yosemite</strong></td><td>10.10</td><td>2014</td><td>Intel only</td><td>Continuity features introduced</td></tr><tr><td><strong>OS X Mavericks</strong></td><td>10.9</td><td>2013</td><td>Intel only</td><td>First free macOS upgrade</td></tr><tr><td><strong>OS X Mountain Lion</strong></td><td>10.8</td><td>2012</td><td>Intel only</td><td>Gatekeeper introduced</td></tr><tr><td><strong>OS X Lion</strong></td><td>10.7</td><td>2011</td><td>Intel only</td><td>Mac App Store introduced</td></tr><tr><td><strong>OS X Snow Leopard</strong></td><td>10.6</td><td>2009</td><td>Intel (some PPC support early)</td><td>Transition from PowerPC to Intel</td></tr><tr><td><strong>OS X Leopard</strong></td><td>10.5</td><td>2007</td><td>PowerPC &#x26; Intel</td><td>Last to support PowerPC fully</td></tr><tr><td><strong>OS X Tiger</strong></td><td>10.4</td><td>2005</td><td>PowerPC (Intel support started late)</td><td>Spotlight introduced</td></tr></tbody></table>

## **Architectural Timeline Summary**

* **PowerPC (PPC)**: Used up to early Intel transition (Tiger/Leopard era).
* **Intel (x86-64)**: Main architecture from 2006 to 2020.
* **Apple Silicon (ARM64)**: Introduced in 2020 with macOS Big Sur; now the primary architecture for all new Macs.


---

# Agent Instructions
This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com.

## Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter:

```
GET https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/miscellaneous/mac.md?ask=<question>&goal=<endgoal>
```

`ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
`goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal.

The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.