# Large Language Models (LLM)

- [Prompt Engineering](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering.md)
- [Prompt Engineering Techniques](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques.md)
- [1. Input-Based Techniques](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/1.-input-based-techniques.md)
- [Zero-Shot Prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/1.-input-based-techniques/zero-shot-prompting.md)
- [Few-Shot Prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/1.-input-based-techniques/few-shot-prompting.md)
- [One-shot prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/1.-input-based-techniques/one-shot-prompting.md)
- [Role-based prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/1.-input-based-techniques/role-based-prompting.md)
- [Instruction-based prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/1.-input-based-techniques/instruction-based-prompting.md)
- [Context injection](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/1.-input-based-techniques/context-injection.md)
- [Structured input formatting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/1.-input-based-techniques/structured-input-formatting.md)
- [2. Reasoning-Based Techniques](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/2.-reasoning-based-techniques.md)
- [Chain-of-Thought (CoT) Prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/2.-reasoning-based-techniques/chain-of-thought-cot-prompting.md)
- [Step-by-Step Reasoning](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/2.-reasoning-based-techniques/step-by-step-reasoning.md)
- [Self-Consistency Prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/2.-reasoning-based-techniques/self-consistency-prompting.md)
- [ReAct (Reason + Act)](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/2.-reasoning-based-techniques/react-reason-+-act.md)
- [Decomposition Prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/2.-reasoning-based-techniques/decomposition-prompting.md)
- [Iterative Refinement](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/2.-reasoning-based-techniques/iterative-refinement.md)
- [Tree-of-Thought (ToT)](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/2.-reasoning-based-techniques/tree-of-thought-tot.md)
- [3. Knowledge-Grounded Techniques](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/3.-knowledge-grounded-techniques.md)
- [Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/3.-knowledge-grounded-techniques/retrieval-augmented-generation-rag.md)
- [Context-based grounding (document injection)](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/3.-knowledge-grounded-techniques/context-based-grounding-document-injection.md)
- [Source-constrained prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/3.-knowledge-grounded-techniques/source-constrained-prompting.md)
- [Citation-based prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/3.-knowledge-grounded-techniques/citation-based-prompting.md)
- [Embedding-based retrieval](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/3.-knowledge-grounded-techniques/embedding-based-retrieval.md)
- [Tool-based knowledge access (APIs, DB queries)](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/3.-knowledge-grounded-techniques/tool-based-knowledge-access-apis-db-queries.md)
- [4. Output-Control Techniques](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/4.-output-control-techniques.md)
- [JSON / Schema-based output enforcement](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/4.-output-control-techniques/json-schema-based-output-enforcement.md)
- [Structured output prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/4.-output-control-techniques/structured-output-prompting.md)
- [Deterministic prompting strategies](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/4.-output-control-techniques/deterministic-prompting-strategies.md)
- [Constrained formatting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/4.-output-control-techniques/constrained-formatting.md)
- [Stop sequences and delimiters](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/4.-output-control-techniques/stop-sequences-and-delimiters.md)
- [Length constraints](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/4.-output-control-techniques/length-constraints.md)
- [Style and tone control](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/4.-output-control-techniques/style-and-tone-control.md)
- [5. Meta-Prompting Techniques](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/5.-meta-prompting-techniques.md)
- [Prompt Chaining](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/5.-meta-prompting-techniques/prompt-chaining.md)
- [Prompt Templates](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/5.-meta-prompting-techniques/prompt-templates.md)
- [Self-Critique Prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/5.-meta-prompting-techniques/self-critique-prompting.md)
- [Reflection Prompting](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/5.-meta-prompting-techniques/reflection-prompting.md)
- [Prompt Compression](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/5.-meta-prompting-techniques/prompt-compression.md)
- [Auto Prompt Generation](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-engineering-techniques/5.-meta-prompting-techniques/auto-prompt-generation.md)
- [Prompt Evaluation & Optimization](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-evaluation-and-optimization.md)
- [Prompt Design Architecture](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-design-architecture.md)
- [Prompt Templates Library](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/prompt-templates-library.md)
- [Enterprise Prompting & Guardrails](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/prompt-engineering/enterprise-prompting-and-guardrails.md)
- [LLM Foundations](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations.md)
- [Encoder](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/encoder.md)
- [Transformer](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/transformer.md)
- [Why Transformer Complexity is O(n²)](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/transformer/why-transformer-complexity-is-o-n.md)
- [Decoder](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/decoder.md)
- [Encoder - Decoder](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/encoder-decoder.md)
- [Parameters](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/parameters.md)
- [Tokens & Tokenization](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/tokens-and-tokenization.md)
- [Character-Level Tokenization](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/tokens-and-tokenization/character-level-tokenization.md)
- [Context Window](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/context-window.md)
- [Does the Model Store a List of Tokens ?](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/context-window/does-the-model-store-a-list-of-tokens.md)
- [Embeddings](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/embeddings.md)
- [Sampling Controls](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/sampling-controls.md)
- [Function Calling](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/function-calling.md)
- [Model Context Protocol (MCP)](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/model-context-protocol-mcp.md)
- [LangChain](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/langchain.md)
- [Limitations & Failure Modes](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/llm-foundations/limitations-and-failure-modes.md)
- [Models](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/models.md)
- [Foundation Models](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/models/foundation-models.md)
- [Chat Models](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/models/foundation-models/chat-models.md)
- [Embedding](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/models/foundation-models/embedding.md)
- [Custom Models](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/models/custom-models.md)
- [Multi-Models](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/models/multi-models.md)
- [Architecture & Design Patterns](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/architecture-and-design-patterns.md)
- [RAG](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/architecture-and-design-patterns/rag.md)
- [Data Ingestion](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/architecture-and-design-patterns/rag/data-ingestion.md)
- [Chunking](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/architecture-and-design-patterns/rag/data-ingestion/chunking.md)
- [Embedding](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/architecture-and-design-patterns/rag/data-ingestion/embedding.md)
- [Tuning](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/architecture-and-design-patterns/tuning.md)
- [Issues](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/architecture-and-design-patterns/issues.md)
- [Training LLM from scratch](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/architecture-and-design-patterns/issues/training-llm-from-scratch.md)
- [Agentic Workflows](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/architecture-and-design-patterns/agentic-workflows.md)
- [Memory Systems](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/architecture-and-design-patterns/memory-systems.md)
- [Copilot Systems](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/architecture-and-design-patterns/copilot-systems.md)
- [Multi-model Routing](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/architecture-and-design-patterns/multi-model-routing.md)
- [Operations (LLMOps)](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/operations-llmops.md)
- [Token & Cost Monitoring](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/operations-llmops/token-and-cost-monitoring.md)
- [Rate Limits & Scaling](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/operations-llmops/rate-limits-and-scaling.md)
- [Observability](https://www.pranaypourkar.co.in/the-programmers-guide/ai/generative-ai/large-language-models-llm/operations-llmops/observability.md)


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